Implementation of Voltage Control on a Multilevel DC-DC Boost Converter
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24036/jtein.v7i1.793Keywords:
Konverter DC-DC, Multilevel Boost, Kontrol PI, Mikrokontroler;Abstract
A multilevel boost DC-DC converter is a solution for increasing DC voltage levels without requiring additional transformers, making it ideal for efficient power conversion applications and high-voltage systems. However, output voltage stability is often compromised due to load fluctuations and input voltage variations. To address this, this study aims to design and implement a control system based on the Proportional-Integral (PI) method to maintain the output voltage at a constant value of 200V from an initial input of 30V. The system was developed using an Arduino Nano microcontroller that acts as the main controller, regulating the PWM signal based on feedback from the voltage sensor. The converter circuit consists of a multilevel topology with one MOSFET, one inductor, and a cascaded array of capacitors and diodes. Tests were conducted under open-loop and closed-loop conditions, as well as with various resistive loads. The test results show that the PI method is able to provide good voltage stability and respond optimally to load changes, with minimal overshoot and fast steady-state time
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
[1] A. Allehyani, “Analysis of a symmetrical multilevel DC-DC boost converter with ripple reduction structure for solar PV systems,” Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 61, no. 9, pp. 7055–7065, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.aej.2021.12.049.
[2] S. Alatai et al., “A review on state-of-the-art power converters: Bidirectional, resonant, multilevel converters and their derivatives,” Nov. 01, 2021, MDPI. doi: 10.3390/app112110172.
[3] R. D. N. Aditama, N. Ramadhani, T. Ardriani, J. Furqani, A. Rizqiawan, and P. A. Dahono, “New Modular Multilevel DC–DC Converter Derived from Modified Buck–Boost DC–DC Converter,” Energies (Basel), vol. 16, no. 19, Oct. 2023, doi: 10.3390/en16196950.
[4] A. I. Elsanabary, G. Konstantinou, S. Mekhilef, C. D. Townsend, M. Seyedmahmoudian, and A. Stojcevski, “Medium Voltage Large-Scale Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems Using Cascaded H-Bridge and Modular Multilevel Converters: A Review,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 223686–223699, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3044882.
[5] M. A. Perez, S. Ceballos, G. Konstantinou, J. Pou, and R. P. Aguilera, “Modular Multilevel Converters: Recent Achievements and Challenges,” IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society, vol. 2, pp. 224–239, 2021, doi: 10.1109/OJIES.2021.3060791.
[6] M. Lakshmi and S. Hemamalini, “Decoupled control of grid connected photovoltaic system using fractional order controller,” Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 927–937, Dec. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.asej.2016.06.002.
[7] S. W. Shneen, A. L. Shuraiji, and K. R. Hameed, “Simulation model of proportional integral controller-PWM DC-DC power converter for DC motor using MATLAB,” Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 725–734, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i2.pp725-734.
[8] T. Porselvi et al., “Combined harmonic reduction and DC voltage regulation of a single DC source five-level multilevel inverter for wind electric system,” Electronics (Switzerland), vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 1–19, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.3390/electronics9060979.
[9] GEDE PATRIANAYA MARGAYASA WIRSUYANA, NOVIE AYUB WINDARKO, MUHAMMAD NIZAR HABIBI, and SURYONO, “Desain dan Simulasi UPS Multilevel Inverter Dengan Metode Modulasi Phase Disposition-PWM (Design and Simulation of UPS Multilevel Inverter with Phase Disposition-PWM Modulation Method),” SEMESTA TEKNIKA, vol. 23, pp. 1–12, May 2020, doi: 10.18196/st.231256.
[10] Fanani Zaky Akhmad, Ashari Mochamad, and Yuwono Teguh, “Desain dan Simulasi Konverter Boost Multilevel sebagai Catu Daya Kendaraan Listrik,” JURNAL TEKNIK POMITS, vol. Vol. 3, pp. 1–6, 2014.
[11] A. Abu Bakar et al., “DC/DC BOOST CONVERTER WITH PI CONTROLLER USING REAL-TIME INTERFACE,” ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 10, no. 19, pp. 1–6, Aug. 2015, [Online]. Available: www.arpnjournals.com
[12] Julio C, Rosas Caro, IEEE Student Member Juan M. Ramirez, IEEE Member, and Antonio Valderrabano, Voltage Balancing in DC/DC Multilevel Boost Converters. IEEE, 2008.
[13] J. C. Mayo-Maldonado, R. Salas-Cabrera, J. C. Rosas-Caro, J. De Leon-Morales, and E. N. Salas-Cabrera, “Modelling and control of a DC-DC multilevel boost converter,” IET Power Electronics, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 693–700, Jul. 2011, doi: 10.1049/iet-pel.2010.0191.
[14] Julio C. Rosas-Caro, Juan M.Ramirez, Pedro Martin Garcia-Vite, Power System Departement Guadalaraja Campus of CINVESTASV, and Guadalajara City Mexico, “Novel DC-DC Multilevel Boost Converter.” IEEE, 2008.
[15] A. Alsafrani, M. Parker, M. Shahbazi, and A. Horsfall, “High gain DC-DC multilevel boost converter to enable transformerless grid connection for renewable energy,” in 2021 56th International Universities Power Engineering Conference: Powering Net Zero Emissions, UPEC 2021 - Proceedings, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., Aug. 2021. doi: 10.1109/UPEC50034.2021.9548271.
[16] J. C. Rosas-Caro, J. M. Ramirez, F. Z. Peng, and A. Valderrabano, “A DC-DC multilevel boost converter,” IET Power Electronics, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 129–137, Nov. 2010, doi: 10.1049/iet-pel.2008.0253.
[17] S. Pada et al., “Rancang Bangun Multilevel Boost Converter Untuk Catu Daya Motor Arus,” Jurnal Rekayasa dan Teknologi, pp. 1–7, Sep. 2018.
[18] Mostafa Mousa et al., “A Switched Inductor Multilevel Boost Converter,” I E E E, Nov. 2010.
[19] R. Cisneros, M. Pirro, G. Bergna, R. Ortega, G. Ippoliti, and M. Molinas, “Global tracking passivity-based PI control of bilinear systems: Application to the interleaved boost and modular multilevel converters,” Control Eng Pract, vol. 43, pp. 109–119, Oct. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.conengprac.2015.07.002.
[20] Julio C. Rosas-Caro et al., The Resonant DC-DC Multilevel Boost Converter. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2018.
[21] F. Castaños, B. Jayawardhana, R. Ortega, and E. García-Canseco, “Proportional plus integral control for set-point regulation of a class of nonlinear RLC circuits,” Circuits Syst Signal Process, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 609–623, 2009, doi: 10.1007/s00034-009-9103-x.
[22] T. T. Arvianto, E. Wahjono, and I. Irianto, “Perancangan boost converter menggunakan kontrol proporsional integral (PI) sebagai suplai tegangan input inverter satu fasa untuk sistem uninterruptible power supply,” Teknika: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi, vol. 16, no. 2, p. 136, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.36055/tjst.v16i2.8511.
[23] S. Ardhi and T. P. Gunawan, “Permodelan Konverter DC to DC Tipe Boost Converter dengan Pengendali Proporsional Integral (PI),” Jurnal Teknik Industri, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 13–24, Aug. 2022, [Online]. Available: http://univ45sby.ac.id/ejournal/index.php/industri/index
[24] S. Haq, S. P. Biswas, M. K. Hosain, M. A. Rahman, M. R. Islam, and S. Jahan, “A modular multilevel converter with an advanced pwm control technique for grid-tied photovoltaic system,” Energies (Basel), vol. 14, no. 2, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.3390/en14020331.
[25] G. Darivianakis, A. Eichler, and J. Lygeros, “Distributed Model Predictive Control for Linear Systems with Adaptive Terminal Sets,” IEEE Trans Automat Contr, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 1044–1056, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1109/TAC.2019.2916774.
[26] S. Muhammad Ilman and F. A. Septian Putra, “Kendali arus dan tegangan pada konverter DC-DC boost dengan metode kaskade proportional integral derivative,” JITEL (Jurnal Ilmiah Telekomunikasi, Elektronika, dan Listrik Tenaga), vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 191–202, Sep. 2023, doi: 10.35313/jitel.v3.i3.2023.191-202.
[2] S. Alatai et al., “A review on state-of-the-art power converters: Bidirectional, resonant, multilevel converters and their derivatives,” Nov. 01, 2021, MDPI. doi: 10.3390/app112110172.
[3] R. D. N. Aditama, N. Ramadhani, T. Ardriani, J. Furqani, A. Rizqiawan, and P. A. Dahono, “New Modular Multilevel DC–DC Converter Derived from Modified Buck–Boost DC–DC Converter,” Energies (Basel), vol. 16, no. 19, Oct. 2023, doi: 10.3390/en16196950.
[4] A. I. Elsanabary, G. Konstantinou, S. Mekhilef, C. D. Townsend, M. Seyedmahmoudian, and A. Stojcevski, “Medium Voltage Large-Scale Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems Using Cascaded H-Bridge and Modular Multilevel Converters: A Review,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 223686–223699, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3044882.
[5] M. A. Perez, S. Ceballos, G. Konstantinou, J. Pou, and R. P. Aguilera, “Modular Multilevel Converters: Recent Achievements and Challenges,” IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society, vol. 2, pp. 224–239, 2021, doi: 10.1109/OJIES.2021.3060791.
[6] M. Lakshmi and S. Hemamalini, “Decoupled control of grid connected photovoltaic system using fractional order controller,” Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 927–937, Dec. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.asej.2016.06.002.
[7] S. W. Shneen, A. L. Shuraiji, and K. R. Hameed, “Simulation model of proportional integral controller-PWM DC-DC power converter for DC motor using MATLAB,” Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 725–734, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i2.pp725-734.
[8] T. Porselvi et al., “Combined harmonic reduction and DC voltage regulation of a single DC source five-level multilevel inverter for wind electric system,” Electronics (Switzerland), vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 1–19, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.3390/electronics9060979.
[9] GEDE PATRIANAYA MARGAYASA WIRSUYANA, NOVIE AYUB WINDARKO, MUHAMMAD NIZAR HABIBI, and SURYONO, “Desain dan Simulasi UPS Multilevel Inverter Dengan Metode Modulasi Phase Disposition-PWM (Design and Simulation of UPS Multilevel Inverter with Phase Disposition-PWM Modulation Method),” SEMESTA TEKNIKA, vol. 23, pp. 1–12, May 2020, doi: 10.18196/st.231256.
[10] Fanani Zaky Akhmad, Ashari Mochamad, and Yuwono Teguh, “Desain dan Simulasi Konverter Boost Multilevel sebagai Catu Daya Kendaraan Listrik,” JURNAL TEKNIK POMITS, vol. Vol. 3, pp. 1–6, 2014.
[11] A. Abu Bakar et al., “DC/DC BOOST CONVERTER WITH PI CONTROLLER USING REAL-TIME INTERFACE,” ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 10, no. 19, pp. 1–6, Aug. 2015, [Online]. Available: www.arpnjournals.com
[12] Julio C, Rosas Caro, IEEE Student Member Juan M. Ramirez, IEEE Member, and Antonio Valderrabano, Voltage Balancing in DC/DC Multilevel Boost Converters. IEEE, 2008.
[13] J. C. Mayo-Maldonado, R. Salas-Cabrera, J. C. Rosas-Caro, J. De Leon-Morales, and E. N. Salas-Cabrera, “Modelling and control of a DC-DC multilevel boost converter,” IET Power Electronics, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 693–700, Jul. 2011, doi: 10.1049/iet-pel.2010.0191.
[14] Julio C. Rosas-Caro, Juan M.Ramirez, Pedro Martin Garcia-Vite, Power System Departement Guadalaraja Campus of CINVESTASV, and Guadalajara City Mexico, “Novel DC-DC Multilevel Boost Converter.” IEEE, 2008.
[15] A. Alsafrani, M. Parker, M. Shahbazi, and A. Horsfall, “High gain DC-DC multilevel boost converter to enable transformerless grid connection for renewable energy,” in 2021 56th International Universities Power Engineering Conference: Powering Net Zero Emissions, UPEC 2021 - Proceedings, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., Aug. 2021. doi: 10.1109/UPEC50034.2021.9548271.
[16] J. C. Rosas-Caro, J. M. Ramirez, F. Z. Peng, and A. Valderrabano, “A DC-DC multilevel boost converter,” IET Power Electronics, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 129–137, Nov. 2010, doi: 10.1049/iet-pel.2008.0253.
[17] S. Pada et al., “Rancang Bangun Multilevel Boost Converter Untuk Catu Daya Motor Arus,” Jurnal Rekayasa dan Teknologi, pp. 1–7, Sep. 2018.
[18] Mostafa Mousa et al., “A Switched Inductor Multilevel Boost Converter,” I E E E, Nov. 2010.
[19] R. Cisneros, M. Pirro, G. Bergna, R. Ortega, G. Ippoliti, and M. Molinas, “Global tracking passivity-based PI control of bilinear systems: Application to the interleaved boost and modular multilevel converters,” Control Eng Pract, vol. 43, pp. 109–119, Oct. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.conengprac.2015.07.002.
[20] Julio C. Rosas-Caro et al., The Resonant DC-DC Multilevel Boost Converter. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2018.
[21] F. Castaños, B. Jayawardhana, R. Ortega, and E. García-Canseco, “Proportional plus integral control for set-point regulation of a class of nonlinear RLC circuits,” Circuits Syst Signal Process, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 609–623, 2009, doi: 10.1007/s00034-009-9103-x.
[22] T. T. Arvianto, E. Wahjono, and I. Irianto, “Perancangan boost converter menggunakan kontrol proporsional integral (PI) sebagai suplai tegangan input inverter satu fasa untuk sistem uninterruptible power supply,” Teknika: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi, vol. 16, no. 2, p. 136, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.36055/tjst.v16i2.8511.
[23] S. Ardhi and T. P. Gunawan, “Permodelan Konverter DC to DC Tipe Boost Converter dengan Pengendali Proporsional Integral (PI),” Jurnal Teknik Industri, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 13–24, Aug. 2022, [Online]. Available: http://univ45sby.ac.id/ejournal/index.php/industri/index
[24] S. Haq, S. P. Biswas, M. K. Hosain, M. A. Rahman, M. R. Islam, and S. Jahan, “A modular multilevel converter with an advanced pwm control technique for grid-tied photovoltaic system,” Energies (Basel), vol. 14, no. 2, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.3390/en14020331.
[25] G. Darivianakis, A. Eichler, and J. Lygeros, “Distributed Model Predictive Control for Linear Systems with Adaptive Terminal Sets,” IEEE Trans Automat Contr, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 1044–1056, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1109/TAC.2019.2916774.
[26] S. Muhammad Ilman and F. A. Septian Putra, “Kendali arus dan tegangan pada konverter DC-DC boost dengan metode kaskade proportional integral derivative,” JITEL (Jurnal Ilmiah Telekomunikasi, Elektronika, dan Listrik Tenaga), vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 191–202, Sep. 2023, doi: 10.35313/jitel.v3.i3.2023.191-202.
Downloads
Published
2026-05-19
How to Cite
Putra, F. A. S., Ilman, S. M., Muminin, M. A., Pratama, G. V., Lubis, D. H. F., & Izaty, A. (2026). Implementation of Voltage Control on a Multilevel DC-DC Boost Converter. JTEIN: Jurnal Teknik Elektro Indonesia, 7(1), 101–115. https://doi.org/10.24036/jtein.v7i1.793
Issue
Section
Articles
License
Copyright (c) 2026 JTEIN: Jurnal Teknik Elektro Indonesia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
