JTEIN: Jurnal Teknik Elektro Indonesia

Design and Construction of a Smart Monitoring and Phase Failure Protection Circuit in a Three-Phase Electrical Network

Haryogi Setyanto, KGS M Ismail, Agus Herianto — Thu, 29 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The three-phase electrical system at airports plays an important role in ensuring aviation safety and security, especially in the operation of three-phase loads at airports which must operate without interruption according to regulations. This research develops a three-phase phase failure monitoring and protection system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) method to overcome the limitations of conventional monitoring which still relies on manual measuring instruments. This system was built using the NodeMCU ESP 8266 microcontroller to process data from the PZEM-004T sensor which measures voltage and current parameters. The data is transferred in real-time via a WiFi connection to the Blynk platform, with the performance monitoring tool reading the parameters for each phase, namely Phase R at 0.22%, Phase S: 0.22%, Phase T: 0.22% and as follows. control when a phase disturbance occurs in one of the feeders, the tool is able to detect and cut off the electricity in less than 1 second. In addition, after the disturbance is resolved and the feeder condition returns to normal, the tool can quickly reconnect electricity in less than 5 seconds.

Voltage Control on Non-Inverting Buck-Boost DC-DC Converter with the Digital PI Method

Thu, 29 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The need for a stable and efficient power supply system is crucial in various modern electronic applications to step up and step down DC voltages. One solution is a non-inverting buck-boost DC-DC converter that is capable of stepping up or stepping down the voltage without reversing the output polarity. However, the stability of the output voltage remains a challenge, especially when there is a change in load or reference value (setpoint). This study aims to design and implement a non-inverting buck-boost converter with a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller to maintain output voltage stability. The method used is PI control determined by Ziegler-Nichols Type I to find the proportional constant (Kp) and integral constant (Ki), which is then refined through a trial and error approach, digital PI control is implemented through a program on a microcontroller. The design is tested through simulations using PSIM software and hardware realization based on an Arduino Uno microcontroller with digital-based PI control using a program. The test results show that the system is able to maintain an output voltage of 30V from a 15V input with a settling time of 0.1 seconds in simulation and approximately 0.5 seconds in experimental testing. Despite a maximum overshoot of 22.93%, the system is still able to respond quickly to changes and maintain stability against load variations. These results indicate that PI control is effective in improving the output voltage stability of the non-inverting buck-boost converter, although refinement of the control parameters is still needed to improve the system's precision.

Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Chicken Egg Incubation System Using Light and Temperature Sensors Based on Arduino UNO R3

Wed, 04 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research aimed to develop an intelligent chicken egg incubation system that maintained stable environmental conditions using light and temperature sensors controlled by an Arduino UNO R3. The system addressed the problem of unstable temperature and humidity in traditional manual hatching, which often resulted in low hatchability rates. The proposed incubator integrated a DHT22 sensor, LDR, keypad, relay module, servo motors, and a microcontroller that automatically regulated heating, ventilation, and egg-turning mechanisms. The prototype was tested through several stages, including sensor responsiveness, actuator performance, security verification, and a comparative incubation experiment. The system was then evaluated using two groups of eggs: an experimental group incubated using the automatic system and a control group incubated manually without environmental regulation. Test results showed that all system components operated consistently, with temperature and humidity maintained within the ideal range for incubation. Embryos in the experimental group exhibited normal growth until hatching, while all embryos in the control group failed to develop due to extreme environmental fluctuations. These findings demonstrated that the automated incubator successfully created a controlled and stable environment capable of supporting healthy embryo development.

Two-Layer Fractional Frequency Reuse With Bandwidth Partitioning for 3.5 GHz 5G Urban Macrocells

Muhammad Yaser — Wed, 18 Feb 2026 04:01:31 +0000

Inter-cell interference is still a major bottleneck in 3.5 GHz 5G urban macrocells, and it hits cell-edge users the hardest, leading to low SINR and unequal user throughput. This work studies a two-layer fractional frequency reuse (FFR) scheme that divides a macrocell into inner and outer regions using a fixed threshold radius, then splits a 100 MHz carrier into two separate subbands for the two regions. Performance is evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations using a 3D UMa path-loss model, realistic macro base-station EIRP, and a first-tier interference setting, where the outer region operates with reuse-3 while the inner region uses a reduced (thinned) reuse pattern. Four bandwidth splits between inner and outer regions are tested (25/25, 30/20, 20/30, and 15/35 MHz), and the comparison focuses on total cell capacity, spectral efficiency, and Jain’s fairness index. The results show a clear trade-off: giving more bandwidth to the inner region delivers the highest throughput, with the 30/20 MHz split producing cell capacity above 310 Mbps and spectral efficiency of 6.2 bit/s/Hz, but also the lowest fairness at 0.66. Shifting bandwidth toward the outer region improves fairness, reaching 0.82 for 20/30 MHz and 0.86 for 15/35 MHz, but reduces capacity to 260 Mbps and 234 Mbps and spectral efficiency to 5.2 bit/s/Hz and 4.7 bit/s/Hz. Overall, the study highlights how bandwidth partitioning should be chosen based on whether the priority is maximizing total throughput or improving fairness for cell-edge users.

Planning and Design of Grounding Systems for Building C and The Library at State Vocational High School 3 in Jambi City

Ario Fitrianto, Dasrinal Tessal, Abdul Manab — Wed, 18 Feb 2026 04:06:45 +0000

Listrik sangat berperan penting dalam bangunan modern, namun berisiko menyebabkan korsleting dan sengatan listrik. Sistem grounding berperan untuk melindungi peralatan dan keselamatan manusia dengan menyalurkan arus berlebih ke tanah. Standar untuk kelayakan sistem pembumian (grounding) yang memenuhi syarat jika nilai resistansinya < 5 Ω. Nilai ini merupakan batasan yang dianjurkan untuk memastikan bahwa sistem dapat mengalirkan arus gangguan secara efektif ke tanah. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik observasi dan pengukuran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem grounding yang dirancang telah memenuhi standar PUIL 2020. Berdasarkan analisis nilai tahanan grounding yang diperoleh pada Gedung C sebesar 4,35 Ω dan pada Perpustakaan sebesar 3,25 Ω yang berada dalam batas aman sesuai standar. Pada tahap perencanaan dan perancangan sistem grounding pada Gedung C dan Perpustakaan di SMK Negeri 3 Kota Jambi digunakan sistem grounding tipe single rod. Sistem ini menggunakan elektroda batang berdiameter 12 mm (1/2 Inch) yang ditanam kedalam tanah sebagai jalur pelepas arus gangguan. Pada masing – masing bangunan dirancang menggunakan 1 elektroda rod dengan penanaman pada kedalaman 2 meter. Total biaya yang diperlukan untuk perencanaan dan perancangan sistem grounding pada Gedung C dan Perpustakaan mencapai Rp. 13.494.560.

Keywords: Perencanaan, Perancangan, Sistem Grounding.

Transformer Load Calculator & Simulator for 70kV Seduduk Putih Substation: Statistical Analysis and Prediction

Nur Aldillah Julita, Syamsir Abduh, Farid Wijaya — Wed, 18 Feb 2026 04:15:15 +0000

This study aimed to analyze the load patterns of two power transformers at the 70kV Seduduk Putih Substation using descriptive statistical approaches, load analysis, and Multiple Linear Regression based on hourly data throughout 2024. The analysis focused on two main transformers with a capacity of 30 MVA each, employing descriptive statistics and regression methods to identify distribution, trends, and relationships between variables. The results indicate that the average load of the two transformers at the 70kV Seduduk Putih Substation is as follows: Transformer 1 operates at 60% of its maximum load, while Transformer 2 operates at 45% of its maximum load. This suggests that the average loads of both transformers remain below 80%, which is considered normal/safe. However, the peak load analysis shows that Transformer 1 reaches a maximum load of 92.08%, and Transformer 2 reaches 87.03%, indicating that their peak loads exceed 80%. Load data was collected periodically for specific periods, including hourly, monthly, and peak load measurements. Multiple Linear Regression was used to evaluate the relationship between time and transformer load. The findings reveal that the transformers exhibit distinct load patterns for each month, with a moderate correlation to time as indicated by the R-Square value. The peak load analysis identifies critical times with potential overloading risks. This study is expected to serve as a reference for PLN, the operator of the substation, in making operational decisions.

Modeling and Simulation of Harmonics Generated by a Static Var Compensator (SVC) in a Power System

Azmi Rizki Lubis, Marwan Affandi, Muchsin Harahap — Fri, 13 Mar 2026 02:19:21 +0000

Satu dari beberapa peralatan Flexible AC Transmossion System (FACTS) yang berfungsi untuk mengatur daya reaktif dan memperbaiki faktor daya adalah Static Var Compensator (SVC). Penggunaan Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TCR) pada SVC akan mempengaruhi kualitas daya yaitu distorsi harmonik. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodelkan dan menganalisis harmonik yang dihasilkan SVC untuk jenis 1 TCR ditambah 3 Thyristor Switch Capacitor (TSC), serta mengevaluasi efektifitas filter pasif single tuned dalam mereduksi THD sesuai dengan standar IEEE 519 – 2014. Pemodelan dilakukan pada sistem tiga fasa menggunakan perangkat lunak Matlab/Simulink. analisis harmonik dilakukan dengan menggunakan Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi harmonik dominan dan menghitung THD. Dari hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa sebelum pemasangan filter, harmonik individual masih seseuai dengan batas standar tetapi THD mencapai 13,89%. Nilai ini menunjukkan bahwa THD melebihi ambang batas 5% untuk sistem distribusi tegangan menengah. Setelah dipasang filter harmonik single tuned yang disetel pada orde ke-5 maka diperoleh nilai THD menurun drastis menjadi 0,90%. Sebagai kesimpulan bahwa filter single tuned terbukti efektif dalam mereduksi distorsi harmonik SVC hingga batas standar kualitas daya yang berlaku.