JTEIN: Jurnal Teknik Elektro Indonesia

Design And Construction Of Cocoa Bean Drying Equipment For Regulating Water Content Using The Fuzzy Method

2025-08-09T07:02:39+00:00

Indonesia is one of the largest cocoa-producing countries, exporting much of its cocoa to Japan, China, and Malaysia. The export standard for dried cocoa beans is a maximum moisture content of 7%. Traditional sun drying methods in Indonesia do not consistently achieve this standard. Therefore, a cocoa bean dryer using the Mamdani type fuzzy method was designed to control moisture content. This dryer features heaters regulated by dimmers and sensors that monitor temperature and humidity in the drying chamber. The ESP32 microcontroller processes the sensor data and connects to the Internet for control and monitoring via Blynk software, enabling more efficient and faster drying compared to traditional methods. Testing showed the dryer functions as intended. Temperature sensor tests indicated minor variations between sensor and thermogun readings, with an average sensor reading of 42.3°C, thermogun reading of 42.5°C, an average error of 0.4°C, and a 1% error percentage. Humidity sensor tests revealed similar consistency, with an average sensor reading of 46.5%, hygrometer reading of 46.2%, an average error of 0.3%, and a 0.53% error percentage. Load cell tests showed an average sensor reading of 0.32 kg compared to a digital scale reading of 0.33 kg, with an average error of 0.01 kg and a 5.34% error percentage. Each sensor was tested 30 times. Fuzzy control testing yielded satisfactory results, with an average error of 0.4% compared to Matlab results. Moisture content measurements met the export standard. This system is expected to improve the quality and market value of Indonesian cocoa beans.

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) System for Sedimentation Automation in Water Treatment Plant Using Schneider Modicon M221 Programmable Logic Controller

2025-08-09T07:02:50+00:00

This research discusses the application of the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) System in the sedimentation automation process in water treatment plants. SCADA is used to monitor and control various critical parameters in the sedimentation process, increasing the efficiency and accuracy of water treatment. This system is implemented using a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), the Schneider Modicon M221, which functions as the main controller. The Schneider Modicon M221 PLC was chosen because of its reliability in managing automation processes and its ability to integrate with SCADA systems. The results of this implementation show significant improvements in process control, operational efficiency, and real-time monitoring, all of which contribute to the improved quality of treated water. And sludge removal in the sedimentation system occurs when the sensor reads that the water has a turbidity value equal to 14 NTU.

PID Tuning for Robustness to Noise in DC Motor Angular Position Control System

2025-08-09T07:02:55+00:00

DC motor position control often encounters challenges related to noise interference, which can degrade system performance in industrial applications. This study evaluates the performance of PID controllers using tuning approaches based on Ziegler-Nichols and Cohen-Coon methods and develops an iterative tuning method based on system response evaluation to enhance robustness. Simulations were conducted in MATLAB/Simulink, integrating White Gaussian Noise and Sinusoidal Noise to test the system's resilience. Initial results showed that Ziegler-Nichols achieved the fastest rise time (0.006 s) but with a high overshoot (61.78%). Meanwhile, the Cohen-Coon method demonstrated lower overshoot (32.49%) but became unstable under noisy conditions. To address these weaknesses, parameter refinement for Kp, Ki, and Kd was performed using a trial-and-error approach. Final results indicated that the combination of Kp=25, Ki=100, and Kd=0.6 reduced the overshoot to 4.74%, settling time to 0.759 s, and maintained a low steady-state error (1.5%). This study highlights that the trial-and-error approach can enhance system robustness against noise while providing a practical solution for DC motor control systems in real-world applications.

Performance and Reliability Analysis of Current Transformer (CT) Type Iosk170 In The Ampel 500/150kv Substation Project: Case Study Of Line Up Mojosongo 2

2025-08-09T07:03:00+00:00

The Ampel 500/150 kV Main Substation (GI) Project is an important initiative in the development of electricity infrastructure in Indonesia, with a strategic role in ensuring continuity and reliability of electricity supply. This research analyzes the performance and reliability of the IOSK170 type Current Transformer (CT) on the Mojosongo 2 Line Up at GI 500/150 kV Ampel. Tests show very high insulation resistance values, exceeding 300 GΩ for primary to ground and primary to secondary, and more than 2 GΩ for secondary to ground, indicating excellent insulation conditions. Winding resistance meets design specifications without significant damage. The transformation ratio test showed very small errors, between -0.071% to 0.047%, and the results were “OK” in the polarity test, ensuring accurate current transformation. RDC and V-Knee Point exhibit high resistance and sufficient values for measurement and protection applications. Low ground resistance ensures good connectivity to the grounding system. Overall results show that the IOSK170 type CT has high reliability and performance according to industry standards, supporting the efficiency and reliability of the electric power system in Indonesia. These findings form the basis of recommendations for improving routine maintenance and testing procedures, as well as guidelines for future development of CT technology, essential for the continuity of a stable and safe electricity supply.

Utilization of Mel-Spectrogram for Identification and Analysis of Animal Communication Patterns Acously

2025-08-09T07:03:09+00:00

This study aims to analyze the vocalization characteristics of eight animal species through Mel-spectrogram representation to identify dominant frequency patterns, duration, and sound intensity. Data were obtained from natural recordings and then converted into Mel-spectrograms, which were then analyzed to obtain information on frequency distribution, vocalization duration, and sound intensity levels. The results showed that most species showed dominant frequencies in the range of 2,000–9,000 Hz, with birds and chicks having the highest range (4,000–9,000 Hz). Vocalization patterns tended to be repetitive with varying durations (1–27 seconds) and high intensities (0–20 dB) at the dominant frequencies. Intra-species variations were found in birds and cats, indicating the influence of age or social factors. These findings demonstrate the potential of Mel-spectrograms as a tool for analyzing animal vocalizations for conservation purposes, behavioral monitoring, and the development of artificial intelligence-based speech recognition systems.

Frequency-Domain Analysis of a Single-Machine Infinite-Bus Control System Equipped with a Power System Stabilizer Using the Backtracking Search Algorithm

2025-08-09T07:15:35+00:00

The SMIB model with a PSS optimized through the BSA is employed in this research to investigate the improvement of electrical power system stability. The performance of both open-loop and closed-loop systems is evaluated through frequency domain analysis. System stability and control efficacy are evaluated through key metrics such as gain and phase margins, resonance peaks, and robustness parameters. Simulation outcomes reveal marked enhancements in the optimized configuration. In particular, the phase margin is negative, suggesting instability, and the open-loop gain margin is infinite in the absence of PSS. The introduction of the BSA-optimized PSS leads to a gain margin of 27.96 dB and an infinite phase margin, which satisfy the design specifications. The closed-loop bandwidth surpasses 7.11 rad/s, with the resonance peak maintained between 1.0 and 1.5, allowing for prompt transient response and robust performance. This study underscores BSA's effectiveness in fine-tuning PSS parameters, yielding enhanced system stability and attenuation of low-frequency oscillations. These results contribute to the development of advanced robust control methodologies in power systems.

Fault Detection Analysis in Electrical Components Using IR Thermography: Applications and Recommendations

2025-08-12T02:31:04+00:00

Electric power distribution to consumers requires periodic preventive maintenance, including thermal inspection of electrical components. An efficient maintenance strategy can save an industry from potential hazards and devastating losses. Therefore, monitoring the temperature of electrical components is crucial to prevent excessive heat that can lead to fires. This research aims to analyze the detection of electrical component damage in consumer distribution networks using IR Thermography for consumer electric network maintenance. The method involves capturing thermal images of targeted hotspots in various components within the consumer distribution substation. The observed components include transformer 2500 kVA connections, connections in the Low Voltage Main Distribution Panle (LVMDP), connections in the Capacitor Bank, and the Panel Change Over Switch (COS). The acquired data is then processed using Smart View software for analysis, categorization, and recommendations. The results reveal the highest temperatures recorded were 91.0°C in the transformer 2500 kVA, specifically in Phase R, and 71.8°C in the LVMDP panel, in Phase T. These findings indicate that the main causes of temperature rise are load imbalance in the transformer and connection failure in the breaker junction.

Smart Egg Incubator Monitoring System Based on IoT and Blynk Connectivity

2025-08-12T07:38:02+00:00

In the era of Industry 4.0, the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in agriculture has significantly enhanced automation and remote monitoring capabilities. This research presents the development of a smart egg incubator monitoring system based on the ESP32 microcontroller, integrated with various sensors and connected through the Blynk IoT platform. The system incorporates a DHT22 sensor for real-time temperature and humidity monitoring, a MAX9814 microphone amplifier for detecting chick hatching sounds, and an ESP32-CAM module for live video streaming inside the incubator. All collected data and alerts are transmitted to the user via the Blynk application, enabling remote supervision and timely interventions. The incubator is designed to maintain optimal environmental conditions, with automatic control of heating and cooling systems based on sensor feedback. Experimental results show that the system successfully maintained a stable incubation environment with an average temperature of 37.3°C and humidity around 55%, and accurately detected hatching events through sound analysis. The implementation of live video streaming further enhances the monitoring capabilities by allowing visual confirmation of embryo development. The proposed system demonstrates a reliable, scalable, and user-friendly solution for modern poultry farming, especially in resource-limited or remote environments

Passive Filter Design To Reduce Electrical Disturbances In The Manufacturing Industry

2025-08-12T07:42:14+00:00

Industry is one of the economic sectors that plays a role in processing environmental resources into products with higher utility values. This process includes design activities, industrial engineering, and service provision. Matra Abadi Workshop, a manufacturing industry that in its operations produces harmonic currents in the electric power system network, especially in low-order harmonics such as 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, and 11th. To reduce the negative impact of harmonics on the power system, the use of passive harmonic filters is required. Among the types of filters used, single tuned filters are a common choice because of their simple construction and effectiveness in reducing certain order harmonics that exceed the IEEE 512–2014 standard limits. This study discusses the implementation of both types of filters in a manufacturing industry environment. The harmonic reduction process is carried out through filter design and testing using Matlab/Simulink software-based simulations. The simulation results show that after the application of passive filters, the harmonic current levels in all load configurations were successfully suppressed to within the IEEE 512–2014 standard limits. The reduction in Total Harmonic Distortion (THDi) after the application of the single tuned filter was recorded in the range of 17.86% to 11.06%. In addition, there was an increase in the power factor from 0.68 before the filter was installed to 0.91 after the installation, which indicates an improvement in the overall power system performance.

Performance Evaluation of Layered Cell Structures for 5G Networks Using Simulation-Based Analysis

2025-08-21T05:04:48+00:00

The rapid growth in the use of data-driven mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets, and other connected terminals has significantly increased the demand for high-speed mobile data services. To address this challenge, 5G networks must adopt more efficient architectural strategies. This paper presents a design study of 5G cellular networks based on a layered cell structure, focusing on both theoretical analysis and computer-based simulations. A traditional single-layer cell is restructured into two-layer and three-layer configurations to evaluate the impact of layering on network performance. User devices are randomly distributed within the coverage area and connected to a central 5G base station. The simulation results, supported by theoretical modeling, demonstrate that layered cell architectures offer notable improvements in data capacity compared to the single-layer design. Among the scenarios tested, the three-layer structure achieves the highest performance, reaching up to 39,78 Mbps. These results provide valuable insights for the development and optimization of layered architectures in next-generation 5G cellular networks